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THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAIN
The Marriage of Sir Gawain
Edited by Thomas Hahn
Originally Published in Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales
Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University for TEAMS, 1995
Kinge Arthur lives in merry Carleile, Carlisle
And seemely is to see,
And there he hath with him Queene Genever,
That bride soe bright of blee. woman; countenance
5 And there he hath with Queene Genever, has been
That bride soe bright in bower, chamber
And all his barons about him stoode
That were both stiffe and stowre. brave
The King kept a royall Christmasse
10 Of mirth and great honor,
And when . . .
[In a missing half page, Arthur arranges a hunt; he is accosted by a Baron - an
armed warrior - who demands the King fulfill a quest.]
"And bring me word what thing it is
That a woman most desire.
This shal be thy ransome, Arthur," he sayes,
15 "For Ile have noe other hier." I will; recompense
King Arthur then held up his hand gave his hand (in agreement)
According thene as was the law; custom
He tooke his leave of the Baron there,
And homward can he draw. did
20 And when he came to merry Carlile,
To his chamber he is gone;
And ther came to him his cozen Sir Gawaine kinsman
As he did make his mone. lament
And there came to him his cozen Sir Gawaine,
25 That was a curteous knight: Who
"Why sigh you soe sore, uncle Arthur," he said,
"Or who hath done thee unright?" wrong
"O peace, O peace, thou gentle Gawaine,
That faire may thee beffall, (see note)
30 For if thou knew my sighing soe deepe, knew [the cause of]
Thou wold not mervaile att all.
"For when I came to Tearne Wadling, Tarn Wathelene; (see note)
A bold Barron there I fand encountered
With a great club upon his backe,
35 Standing stiffe and strong.
"And he asked me wether I wold fight,
Or from him I shold begone -
Or else I must him a ransome pay (In which case)
And soe depart him from.
40 "To fight with him I saw noe cause,
Methought it was not meet, suitable
For he was stiffe and strong withall, indeed
His strokes were nothing sweete.
"Therefor this is my ransome, Gawaine,
45 I ought to him to pay: owe
I must come againe, as I am sworne,
Upon the New Yeers Day.
"And I must bring him word what thing it is . . .
[Here a half page is missing. Arthur and Gawain spend their time searching
for an answer to the Baron's question, and collect a sheaf of answers, none
satisfactory. Finally, Arthur sets out for his New Year's meeting.]
Then King Arthur drest him for to ryde prepared himself
50 In one soe rich array
Toward the foresaid Tearne Wadling,
That he might keepe his day.
And as he rode over a more, moor
Hee see a lady where shee sate sat
55 Betwixt an oke and a greene hollen: holly
She was cladd in red scarlett.
Then there as shold have stood her mouth, where
Then there was sett her eye;
The other was in her forhead fast,
60 The way that she might see.
Her nose was crooked and turnd outward,
Her mouth stood foule awry;
A worse formed lady than shee was,
Never man saw with his eye.
65 To halch upon him, King Arthur, greet him
This lady was full faine, eager
But King Arthur had forgott his lesson, was at a loss for words
What he shold say againe. again (i.e., in reply)
"What knight art thou," the lady sayd,
70 "That will not speak to me?
Of me be thou nothing dismayd
Tho I be ugly to see.
"For I have halched you curteouslye, greeted
And you will not me againe; not [greet] me in turn
75 Yett I may happen, Sir Knight," shee said, turn out
"To ease thee of thy paine."
"Give thou ease me, lady," he said, If
Or helpe me any thing, in any way
Thou shalt have gentle Gawaine, my cozen,
80 And marry him with a ring."
"Why, if I help thee not, thou noble King Arthur,
Of thy owne hearts desiringe,
Of gentle Gawaine . . .
[The lady agrees to the marriage bargain, and tells Arthur what women most
desire. The King proceeds to his appointed meeting.]
And when he came to the Tearne Wadling
85 The Baron there cold he finde, could
With a great weapon on his backe,
Standing stiffe and stronge. (see note)
And then he tooke King Arthurs letters in his hands written answers
And away he cold them fling, did
90 And then he puld out a good browne sword, bright
And cryd himselfe a king. declared
And he sayd, "I have thee and thy land, Arthur,
To doe as it pleaseth me,
For this is not thy ransome sure: recompense
95 Therfore yeeld thee to me."
And then bespoke him noble Arthur,
And bad him hold his hand, bade
"And give me leave to speake my mind
In defence of all my land."
100 He said, "As I came over a more,
I see a lady where shee sate
Betweene an oke and a green hollen;
Shee was clad in red scarlett.
"And she says, `A woman will have her will,
105 And this is all her cheef desire.'
Doe me right, as thou art a baron of sckill: by me; proper
This is thy ransome and all thy hyer."
He sayes, "An early vengeance light on her! (The Baron)
She walkes on yonder more -
110 It was my sister that told thee this,
And she is a misshappen hore! whore
"But heer Ile make mine avow to God here I will; oath
To doe her an evill turne,
For an ever I may thate fowle theefe gett, if
115 In a fyer I will her burne." fire
[Having satisfactorily answered the Baron's question, Arthur returns to
court. He gathers his knights and returns to the lady in the forest,
though he appears to have informed Gawain alone of his marriage pact.]
The Second Part
Sir Lancelott and Sir Steven bold (see note)
They rode with them that day,
And the formost of the company [among]
There rode the steward Kay.
120 Soe did Sir Banier and Sir Bore, (see note)
Sir Garrett with them soe gay, (see note)
Soe did Sir Tristeram that gentle knight, (see note)
To the forrest fresh and gay.
And when he came to the greene forrest,
125 Underneath a greene holly tree
Their sate that lady in red scarlet
That unseemly was to see.
Sir Kay beheld this ladys face,
And looked uppon her swire: neck
130 "Whosoever kisses this lady," he sayes,
"Of his kisse he stands in feare." kiss's outcome
Sir Kay beheld the lady againe,
And looked upon her snout:
"Whosoever kisses this lady," he saies,
135 "Of his kisse he stands in doubt." fear
"Peace cozen Kay," then said Sir Gawaine,
"Amend thee of thy life.
For there is a knight amongst us all
That must marry her to his wife."
140 "What! Wedd her to wiffe!" then said Sir Kay.
"In the divells name anon,
Gett me a wiffe where ere I may, wherever
For I had rather be slaine!" destroyed; (see note)
Then some tooke up their hawkes in hast,
145 And some tooke up their hounds,
And some sware they wold not marry her swore
For citty nor for towne.
And then bespake him noble King Arthur, spoke out
And sware there by this day:
150 "For a litle foule sight and misliking . . .
[After Arthur's speech, Gawain announces his intention to marry the lady.
All return to the court, the marriage is celebrated, and the lady and
Gawain retire to their marriage bed. Faced with Gawain's sexual
reticence, the lady metamorphoses into a beautiful young woman, and
then offers Gawain a choice.]
Then she said, "Choose thee, gentle Gawaine,
Truth as I doe say,
Wether thou wilt have me in this liknesse appearance
In the night or else in the day."
155 And then bespake him gentle Gawaine,
With one soe mild of moode, With a demeanor ever so
Sayes, "Well I know what I wold say -
God grant it may be good!
"To have thee fowle in the night [I choose]
160 When I with thee shold play; make love
Yet I had rather, if I might,
Have thee fowle in the day."
"What! When lords goe with ther feires," shee said, 1 (see note)
"Both to the ale and wine?
165 Alas! Then I must hyde my selfe,
I must not goe withinne." into the hall (public space)
And then bespake him gentle Gawaine, spoke out
Said, "Lady, thats but a skill: trick (i.e., trial response)
And because thou art my owne lady,
170 Thou shalt have all thy will."
Then she said, "Blesed be thou gentle Gawain,
This day that I thee see,
For as thou see me att this time,
From hencforth I wil be. remain; (see note)
175 "My father was an old knight. (see note)
And yett it chanced soe
That he marryed a younge lady
That brought me to this woe.
"Shee witched me, being a faire young lady, bewitched
180 To the greene forrest to dwell,
And there I must walke in womans liknesse,
Most like a feeind of hell. like a monstrous woman; (see note)
"She witched my brother to a carlish B. . . . churlish B[aron?]
[The lady continues her explanation, and then she and Gawain consummate the
marriage. In the morning Kay comes to check on Gawain's welfare, and
Gawain explains his wife's history.]
"That looked soe foule, and that was wont accustomed
185 On the wild more to goe. moor
"Come kisse her, brother Kay," then said Sir Gawaine,
"And amend thé of thy liffe: thee
I sweare this is the same lady
That I marryed to my wiffe."
190 Sir Kay kissed that lady bright,
Standing upon his feete;
He swore, as he was trew knight, (see note)
The spice was never soe sweete.
"Well, cozen Gawaine," sayes Sir Kay,
195 "Thy chance is fallen arright, luck
For thou hast gotten one of the fairest maids
I ever saw with my sight."
"It is my fortune," said Sir Gawaine.
"For my uncle Arthurs sake,
200 I am glad as grasse wold be of raine,
Great joy that I may take."
Sir Gawaine tooke the lady by the one arme,
Sir Kay tooke her by the tother; the other
They led her straight to King Arthur
205 As they were brother and brother.
King Arthur welcomed them there all,
And soe did Lady Genever his Queene,
With all the knights of the Round Table
Most seemly to be seene.
210 King Arthur beheld that lady faire
That was soe faire and bright.
He thanked Christ in Trinity
For Sir Gawaine that gentle knight.
Soe did the knights, both more and lesse,
215 Rejoyced all that day,
For the good chance that hapened was
To Sir Gawaine and his lady gay. handsome
Fins. The End
THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAIN: FOOTNOTES
1 companions
SIR TRISTREM: NOTES
Abbreviations: P = Percy Folio Manuscript; M = Madden's edition; FH = Furnivall's and Hales' edition; C = Child's edition. See Select Bibliography for these editions.
29 beffall. M: befall; the stroke for the second f appears blurred.
32 Tearne Wadling. The Tarn Wathelene (a tarn is a small lake) is mentioned in Avowyng (lines 131, 338) and Awntyrs (line 2), and again in lines 51 and 84 of the present romance. Though Inglewood Forest, where this lake is located, is the setting of Ragnelle, the Tarn itself is not mentioned in that romance.
87 stronge. Though elsewhere rhymes are strained, this stanza seems clearly deficient.
116 Sir Steven. This is a knight otherwise unknown in Arthurian romance.
120 Sir Banier and Sir Bore. Madden suggests the first name is a misnomer for Beduer or Bedyvere (Bedevere), brother of Lucan the Butler and Arthur's constable, but perhaps this is Sir Ban (or Bayan), the father of Lancelot. The second is Bors de Gaynes, Lancelot's loyal companion.
121 Sir Garrett. This is Gareth, Gawain's brother and loyal supporter of Lancelot, by whom he is inadvertently killed in the rescue of Guenevere.
122 Sir Tristeram. A celebrated hero in many Arthurian tales, Sir Tristan is the son of Melyodas and nephew of King Mark of Cornwall.
143 slaine. FH: shaine, with the suggestion that the word may be a variant of shent, slaine, or shamed.
163 feires. The scribal forms are unclear; M, C read seires, and emend to feires, which I follow. FH give squires.
174 hencforth. M: henceforth.
175 ff. The plot of Marriage more closely resembles a traditional fairy tale in making the source of evil simply a wicked stepmother rather than the entanglements of an Arthurian court intrigue.
182 feeind. M reads the apparent extra minum as i, which seems right; FH, C: feend.
192 swore. M: sayes, without explanation, though swore seems clear in P.