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THE JEASTE OF SIR GAWAIN
The Jeaste of Sir Gawain
Edited by Thomas Hahn
Originally Published in Sir Gawain: Eleven Romances and Tales
Kalamazoo, Michigan: Western Michigan University for TEAMS, 1995
And sayde, "I dreede no threte; fear; (see note)
I have founde youe here in my chase." hunt
And in hys armes he gan her brace, embrace
With kyssynge of mowthes sweete.
5 There Syr Gawayne made suche chere, was so good mannered; (see note)
That greate frendeshyp he founde there, affection
With that fayre lady so gaye; gracious
Suche chere he made, and suche semblaunce proper conduct
That longed to love, he had her countenaunce was appropriate to; favor
10 Withoute any more delaye.
He had not taryed with her longe,
But there came a knyght tall and stronge;
Unto the pavylion he wente.
He founde Syr Gawayne with that lady fayre:
15 "Syr knyght, thow makest an evyll repayre visit
That wyll make the shente. leave you ruined
Yt ys my doughter that thow lyest by.
Thowe hast done me great vyllanye -
Amende yt mayst thou nought.
20 Thou haste greate fortune with that dame: success
Tyll nowe never man coulde for shame. 1
I see, Syr knyght, that thou hast wrought, what; done
Wherefore I see fortune ys thy frynde. friend
But hastely unto harnes nowe thou wynde." armor; go
25 Than sayed that bolde knyght: (i.e., the father)
"Thou hast done me muche dyshonoure,
And may not amende yt, by Mary floure! flower [of women]
Therefore hastelye the dyght." prepare yourself
Than bespake Syr Gawayne, and thus he sayde:
30 "I suppose I have the love of the mayde, agree that
Suche grace on her have I founde. with her
But and youe be her father deere, if
Syr, amendes nowe wyll I make here,
As I am to knyghthode bounde.
35 Nowe all forewardes I wyll fullfyll, obligations
And make amendes youe untyll, to you
And lette me passe quyte." If you allow me to leave free and clear
"Naye," sayed the olde knyght than. then
"Fyrst wyll we assaye oure myghtes as we can, prowess
40 Or else yt were a dyspyte." an outrage
Nowe sayde Gawayne, "I graunte yt the,
Sythe yt none otherwise wyll be: (see note)
Nedes must that nedes shall." What will be must be
He toke hys stronge horse by the brydle,
45 And lyghtly lepte into the saddle,
As a knyght good and royall.
He toke a spere that was greate and stronge,
And forthe he wente, a large furlonge,
And turned hys horse with mayne. strength
50 They feutred theyr speares, these knyghtes good, 2 (see note)
And russhed together with eger moode, fierce resolve
Above on the mountayne.
Gawayne smotte thys knyght so soore, struck; harshly
That hys horse with strenght he overthrewe thore, there
55 And on the grounde he laye upright. stretched out
Syr Gawayne turned hys horse agayne
And sayde, "Syr knyght, wyll ye any more fayne?" 3 (see note)
"Naye," he sayed, for he ne myght.
"I yelde me, Syr knyght, into thy hande,
60 For thou arte to styffe for me to stande. too powerful; withstand
My lyfe thou graunte me." please grant
"On thys covenaunte," Syr Gawayne sayde: agreement
"That ye do no harme unto the mayde,
I am agreed that yt so be.
65 "Also ye shall swere on my swerde here,
That none armes agaynst me ye shall beare,
Neyther todaye nor tonyght.
And then take your horse, and wende your waye,
And I shall do the best that I maye,
70 As I am a trewe knyght."
There thys knyght sware, and dyd passe; went off
Syr Gylbert called he was,
A ryche earle, styffe and stoure. strong; (see note)
He sayde, "Syr kngyht, take good kepe, stay on guard; (see note)
75 For better shalt thou be assayled or thou slepe, before
With many a sharpe shoure." attack
Than sayd Gawayne, "I beleve right well.
Whan they come, youe shall here tell take account
Howe the game shall goo. sword play
80 I am nowe here in my playnge - ready for contest
I wyll not go awaye for no threatynge,
Or that I will feele more woo." 4
Than Syr Gylberte wente hys waye.
Hys horse was gone downe the valaye,
85 On foote he must hym abyde; remain
He yode downe, without wordes more. went
The strokes greaved hym full soore;
That bated muche hys pryde. abated
Syr Gawayne had smytten hym in the sholderblade;
90 After hys walkynge the blode out shade. Because of; flowed
He rested hym under a tree.
He had not rested hym but a lyttell space,
But one of hys sonnes came to that place -
Syr Gyamoure called was he.
95 "Father," he sayde "what ayleth youe nowe?
Hathe any man in thys forrest hurte youe?
Me thynke full faste ye blede!"
"Yea, sonne," he sayde, "by Goddes grame! wrath
A knyght hath done me spyte and shame, dishonor
100 And lost I have my stede. steed
"Also he hath layne by thy syster, by the Rode! Cross
That greveth me more than shedynge of my blode,
And the dyspyte was well more: outrage was still greater; (see note)
And he hath made me to sweare
105 That todaye none armes shall I beare,
Agaynst hym, by Goddes ore!" mercy
"Father, nowe be of good chere,
And I shall rewarde hym, as ye shall here, requite
As I am a trewe knyght! (see note)
110 He shall beate me, or I shall beate hym.
I shall hym beate be he never so grymme, fierce
And hys death todyght." bring about
"Lett be, sonne Gyamoure, nowe I the praye! Stop; you
Thou speakest more than thou maye: should
115 That shalt thoue feele soone. you
There shalt thoue mete with a knyght stronge
That wyll paye hys lyveray large and longe, make good on his reputation
Or thy journey be all done." Before your encounter
"Nowe farewell, father," Gyamoure sayde.
120 He toke the waye to hys syster the mayde
As fast as he myght on the gate; path
Unto the pavylion he toke the waye,
There as Syr Gawayne and hys syster laye,
That thought on no debate. Who; strife
125 "Aryse," he sayed, "thou knyght stronge of hande,
And geve me battaylle on thys lande.
Hye the fast anone right! Hasten; immediately
Thou hast hurte my father todaye,
And layne by my syster, that fayre may: maiden
130 Therfore thy deathe ys dyght." ordained
Than sayde Gawayne, "Though yt be so,
Amendes I wyll make or that I goo, before I go further
Yf that I have mysdone.
Better yt ys nowe to accorde right, agree in justice
135 Than we two nowe in battayll shulde fyght.
Therfore go from me soone." right away
"Nay," sayed Gyamoure, "that shall not bee.
That daye, knyght, shalt thow never see,
For to suffer suche a skorne. [That I should] suffer such dishonor
140 Aryse in haste, and that anone,
For with the wyll I fyght alone,
As God lett me be borne!" God made me
Gawayne sawe no better bote, solution then
And wyghtelye he lepte on foote. nimbly
145 Hys horse was fast hym bye;
Into the saddle wightelye he sprente, sprang
And in hys hande hys speare he hentte, seized; (see note)
And loked full egerlye. fiercely
Eyther turned hys horse than awaye Each one
150 A furlonges lenght, I dare well saye,
Above on the mountayne.
They ranne together, those knightes good,
That theyr horses sydes ranne on bloode,
Eyther to other, certayne. Each against
155 What nedeth nowe more tale to tell?
Gawayne smotte hym with hys speare so well,
That he fell flatte to the grounde;
Hys horse was fyers, and went hys waye, vigorous
And hurte was the knyght ther as he laye.
160 Syr Gawayne asked hym in that stounde: at that point
"Syr knight wyll ye any more?"
"Naye," he sayde, "I am hurte so sore
I maye not my selfe welde. get full control of myself
I yelde me, syr knyght, and save my lyfe,
165 For with the I wyll no more stryffe, wish
For thowe hast wonne the felde."
"Syr, on thys covenaunte I the graunte,
So ye wyll make me faythe and warraunte, give me good faith; guarantee
Todaye agaynst me no armes to beare:
170 Sweare thys othe on my swearde bright." sword
"Yes," he sayde, "I wyll, as I am trewe knight,
That thys daye I wyll not youe deare. hurt
"Nowe fare well, knyght, so God me amende!
For I see fortune ys thy greate frende -
175 That sheowith in the todaye; is obvious through your actions
There ys no bote to stryve agayne, fight again; (see note)
For thou arte a knyght full stronge of mayne. might
Fare well, and have good daye."
Thus Gyamoure wente downe the mountayne hye.
180 On foote he wente full werelye; wearily
Hys father soone hym spyed.
"A! wellcome," he sayed, "my sonne Gyamoure.
Me thynke thou hast not spede well thys stoure; fared; in this battle
That full well I see thys tyde. at this time
185 "Thou went on horsebacke, lyke a good knyght,
And nowe I see thou arte dolefully dyght; sorrowfully served
That maketh all my care."
"Father," he sayde, "yt wyll none otherwise be.
Yonder knyght hath wonne me in warre so fre, defeated; honorable combat
190 And hathe wounded me full sore.
"Forsothe," sayde Gyamoure, "I wyll not lye,
He ys a stronge knyght, bolde and hardye.
Of Arthures courte I trowe he ys; guess
I suppose on of the Rounde Table, [he is] one
195 For at nede he ys both stronge and hable. in a pinch; able
So have I founde hym, withouten mysse." make no mistake
Right so as they spake the one to the other,
There came to them the seconde brother,
Syr Tyrry was hys name;
200 He came rydynge on a jolye coursyer, warhorse
Dryvinge by leapes, as the wylde fyer. Galloping
The knyght was of good fame. renowned
He was not ware of hys father deare,
But hys brother called hym neare,
205 And sayde, "Syr, nowe abyde!"
He than turned hys horse, that knyght so gaye,
By leapes out of straye; aside; (see note)
Hys hearte was full of pryde.
Than founde he hys father all blodye,
210 And hys brother was wounded syckerlye. indeed
In hys hearte he began to be syke: sick
"A! Syr, who hath wounded youe?" quod he;
"Avenged on hym nowe wyll I be,
That shall hym myslyke." So that it shall hurt him
215 "Iwys, sonne, yt ys a knyght stronge
That hath done us thys wronge,
Above on the mountayne.
He hath me wounded passynge soore, with extreme pain
And I trowe thy brother he hathe well more, even more
220 And by thy syster he hathe layne.
Therfore go nowe, as a knyght good,
And avenge the shedynge of thy fathers blood,
As faste as ever thou maye.
Loke that thou fayle not for no cowardyse,
225 But mete hym in the myghtyest wyse, take him on; way
For he ys good at asaye." in combat
"I see well, father, he ys a knyght stronge.
But he hathe done youe greate wronge If he had not done
Yt wolde be harde hym to wynne; defeat
230 But never the later I shall do my myght. nonetheless; utmost
Hys strenght assaye nowe I shall in fyght, test
Yf he were of the devyls kynne." Even if; kin
Thys knyght Syr Terry turned hys horse, (see note)
And up the mountayne he rode with force,
235 As fast as he myght dryve.
He came to the pavylion, with greate pryde:
"Have done, syr knyght! Thy horse bestryde,
For with the I am at stryve." at enmity
Syr Gawayne loked out at the pavylyon doore,
240 And sawe thys knyght armed hym before;
To hym he sayed verelye: truly
"Syr, yf I have ought to youe offended,
I am ready to make yt to be amended,
By mylde mother Marye!"
245 "Naye, syr knyght, yt maye not so be.
Therfore make the ready faste to me,
In all the haste that thou maye; you may
For be God that me dere bought, by God who saved me
Make amendes mayest thou nought.
250 Therfore nowe lett us playe." join in battle
Gawayne sawe none other bote than; solution
Hys horse he toke as a worthye man,
And into the saddle he sprente;
He toke hys horse with a greate randone, - mounted; rush
255 "Nowe, Syr knyght, lette me have done, make proof
What in youre hearte ys mente."
"Lo! Here I am," sayde Syr Terrye,
"For to the I have greate envye." anger
And together gan they dasshe -
260 They russhed together with suche debate such a clash
That marveyll yt was howe that they sate, stayed mounted
They gave suche a crasshe!
Syr Terrye spake in that place, groaned
And Gawayne fought faste in that race, charge
265 And throughe the sholder hym pyght; pierced
And caste hym over the horse backe,
That in the earth hys helme stacke, stuck
That nyghe hys death he was dyght. near; left
Syr Gawayne than sayed on hyght: aloud
270 "Syr knyght, wyll ye any more fyght?"
He aunswered hym, "Naye!
I am so soore hurte I may no more stande.
Therfore I yelde me into thy hande;
Of mercye I the praye."
275 "What," sayde Gawayne, "ys that youre boast greate? 5 (see note)
I wende youe woulde have foughten tyll ye had sweate! [worked up a] sweat
Ys youre strenght all done?"
"Yea, syr, in fayth, so God me nowe save!
Of me thou mayste no more crave, demand
280 For all my myght ys gone.
"Thou haste today wonne thre knyghtes, defeated
The father, and two sonnes, that well fyghtes,
Worshypfullye under thy shyelde. In honorable chivalric combat
And yf thou maye wynne oure eldest brother, (see note)
285 I call thee the best knyght, and none other,
That ever fought in fyelde. on the field
"For he ys full wyght, I warne youe welle: powerful, I advise you
He endureth better than doth the steele, (see note)
And that shalte thou soone see.
290 But he be thy matche, I can not knowe,
Of knyghthode thoue haste no felowe, 6
On my fayth I ensure thee."
"Nowe," quod Gawayne, "lette hym be. leave him aside
And, Syr knyght, make an othe to me,
295 That this daye thou do me no greve; harm; (see note)
And thou shalt passe fro me all quyte, free
Where as ys nowe thy moste delyght, Which is; greatest desire
Withoute any moore repreve." rebuke
Syr Terrye sayde, "Therto I graunte.
300 Farewell nowe! God be thy warrante." safekeeping
Full weykelye he wente on foote; feebly
He lefte never tyll he came there, stopped
Where as hys father and Gyamoure were,
That carefull heartes had, God wote. sorrowful; knows
305 Than bespake Gyamoure, hys yongest brother:
"Syr, thou hast gotten as we have, and non other; received
That knewe I well yt shoulde so be."
"By God!" sayd Syr Terrye, "so nowe yt ys.
He ys a devyll, forsothe ywys, for absolute certainty
310 And that ys proved on me."
"Yea," quod Syr Gylbart, that Earle so olde;
"He ys a knyght bothe stronge and bolde,
And fortune ys hys frende;
My doughters love he hath clene wanne. completely
315 Therfore I dare well saye he ys a manne,
Whereever that he wende." may go
As they thre stode thus talkynge,
They hearde a manne full loude synge,
That all the woode ronge: rung
320 "That ys my sonne Brandles so gaye; [Gylbert says:]; (see note)
Whan he seeth us in suche araye,
He wyll leave hys songe."
By than they sawe the knight comynge;
A grene boughe in hys hande he dyd brynge, (see note)
325 Syttynge on a joylye coursyere. warhorse
Hys horse was trapped in redde velvett; decked out
Many ouches of golde theron was sette. ornaments
Of knyghthode he had no peere.
Allso hys horse was armed before - in front; (see note)
330 The headde and the brest, and no more,
And that in fyne steele.
Hymselfe was armed passynge sure, most stoutly
In harneys that woulde strokes endure, armor
That had bene proved right wele.
335 Thys knyght bare on hys hedde a pomell gaye. an ornamental boss
Syttynge on hys horse, stertynge oute of the waye, changing his course
By leapes he came aboute. turned around
A shyelde he had, that was of renowne: remarkable
He bare theryn a blacke fawcowne; falcon
340 The shyelde was of sylver withoute. on the outside
Also in hys hande a spere he bare,
Bothe stronge and longe, I make youe ware, tell you
And of a trustye tree; reliable wood
There was an headde theron of steele wrought,
345 The best that myght be made or bought,
And well assayed had be. tried out; been
Theron of pleasaunce a kercheyf dyd honge; handsomely a pennon did hang
I wote yt was more than thre elles longe, about twelve feet
Enbrodered all withe golde.
350 He was a knyght of large and lenght, big and tall; (see note)
And proved well of muche strenght,
Assaye hym whoso woulde. Test
Spurres of golde also he had on,
And a good swerde, that wolde byte abone. above [all others]
355 Thus came he dryvynge, in a rush
Tyll he came there as hys father was;
Whan he all sawe, he sayde, "Alas! (see note)
Thys ys an evyll tydynge." piece of news
Whan he sawe hys father all blodye,
360 And hys two brethern hurte full syckerlye,
"Alas!" sayde Brandles than,
"Who hath done youe suche a dyspite? dishonor
Tell me in haste, that I maye yt quyte, repay
For my hearte ys wo begone."
365 Than saide the father, "Sonne, I shall the tell:
All thys hathe done a knyght full fell, dangerous
And layne by thy syster also.
He beete me fyrst, and them all,
And made us swere that we ne shall
370 Thys daye do hym no wo."
Nowe saide Brandles, "Thys ys yll come! bad luck
I ensure youe by my holydome, spiritual welfare
I shall prove hys myght; test out
Were he as stronge as Sampson was,
375 In fayth shall I never from hym pas, turn away
Tyll the one of us to death be dyght." marked for death
"Yea, sonne Brandles, thou shalt not soo.
Thoughe he have done wronge, lett hym goo.
The knyght ys passynge sure; stalwart without measure
380 I wyll not for more than I wyll sayne than I can say
See the, Syr Brandels, there slayne,
For I warraunte the he wyll endure. assure you; prevail
"The knyght ys stronge, and well fight can, (see note)
And when he hathe at hande a man, at advantage
385 He wyll do hym none yll.
But gentle wordes speake agayne, in return
And do hym no harme ne mayne, violence
Thus gentyll he ys in skyll." So noble; in knightly behavior
"Nowe lette hym be," sayde Brandles than; 7 (see note)
390 "Sone shall we see yf he be a manne,"
And sayed "Have good daye."
Streyght to the pavylyon he rode;
That sawe the mayden as she stode,
That yt was her brother gaye.
395 "Syr knyght," she sayde, "here cometh one,
Yt wyl be harde hym to overgone - overcome
Beholde nowe and see:
Yonder cometh one wyll dure in fyght; endure
I warraunte ye sawe never a better knight
400 Than ye shall fynde hym, syckerlye. surely
"Beholde nowe my brother, Syr Brandles.
He ys in warre full slye, ywys, skillful
And that thowe shalt fynde;
Me thynke hym passynge lyke a knyght.
405 Have no drede ye shall fynde hym wight, doubt; powerful
Nowe under thys lynde." linden tree
"By God!" sayde Gawayne, "he ys full lyke just the sort
To abyde a buffette and to stryke, withstand
And of hys handes a man. in his strength a warrior
410 I sawe not or nowe thys yeares thre, before
A man more lyke a man to be,
By God and by Saynt Johan!"
Right so Syr Brandles, the knyght gaye, gracious
Spake on hyghe, and thus gan saye: aloud
415 "Where arte thou, good Squyer?
Come forthe in haste," he sayde on hyght,
"For with the will I fyght. you
A newe game thoue shalt leere. learn
"Thou haste done me dysworship greate, dishonor
420 And mayst not nowe amendement gette;
Yt ys no tyme of peace to speake."
Syr Gawayne saide, "Syr, I the praye,
Let me make amendes, and youe maye, if you please
Or thou begynne thys wreke. vengeance
425 "Syr, and I have ought mysdone, if
Tell me, and it shal be amended soone,
All gentlenes to fullfyll. noble obligation
I have bene bestad todaye full soore; sorely beset
Shame yt were to prove me any moore. test
430 But here I am at youre wyll."
"Ywys," quod Brandles, "that ys sothe. Indeed
But I must nedes holde myne othe, oath
Thou haste done so yll -
My father and my brethren thou hast beaten bothe.
435 To accorde with the I were therof lothe,
My worshippe to fullfyll." [If I wish] to maintain my honor
Nowe sayed Gawayne, "Sythe yt ys so,
I muste nedes me dryve ther to. enter into combat
Thys daye God lende me grace,
440 For my worde shall do none advauntage: negotiation will gain
Let us see howe well we can outrage, fight furiously
Yf I maye dare ought in thys trace." course
"Gramarcy," sayde Brandles, "in good faye, Great thanks; faith
Nowe shall youe see me make good playe.
445 Of knighthode thou hast no peere; equal
I am right gladde thou hast myght,
But sorye I am we lacke the dayelyght. sorry
But amended ys my cheere." Nonetheless; mood
They fought together, those knightes good;
450 Throughe theyr haburgeons ran out the redde blode, coats of mail
That pytté yt was to see; (see note)
They fought together with suche yre, fury
That after flamed out the fyre. sparks; (see note)
They spake of no mercye.
455 Thus full longe than gan they fyght,
Tyll at the laste they wanted lyght; lacked daylight
They wyste not what to done. knew
Than sayde Syr Brandles, that knyght so gaye:
"Syr knyght, we wante lyght of the daye;
460 Therfore I make my mone. protest
"Yf we fyght thus in the darke together
Throughe myshappe the one myght sle the other; bad luck; slay
And therefore by myne assent,
Lett us sweare on oure sweardes bothe, swords
465 Where that we mete for leyfe or lothe, Wherever; love or hate
Yf that we mete in present, soon
"Never to leave the battayll tyll the one be slayne." one of us
"I assent me therunto," than sayde Gawayne,
"And ye wyll that yt so be." If; wish
470 Than sayde Syr Brandles, "I may none other do,
For suche promesse I made my father unto;
Therefore thys othe make we.
"I wotte there ys no stroke that thou gavest me, know
But I shall quyte yt full syckerlye - repay; surely
475 And thou arte not in my debte.
Full large of lyveray thou arte, syr knyght - powerful in combat
Never none that proved so well my myght; No other ever tested
We bene even as we mette. as equal as when
"Lett us make an othe on our swerdes here,
480 In that place we mete, farre or nere,
Even there as ether other may fynde, either
Even so we shall do the battayle utterlye." to the death
"I holde," sayde Gawayne, "by mylde Marye! promise
And thus we make an ende."
485 Syr Gawayne put up hys swerde than:
"Syr knight, be frende to that gentle woman,
As ye be gentle knyght."
"As for that," sayde Brandles than,
"She hathe caused today, pardye, much shame. by God; (see note)
490 Yt ys pyttye she hathe her syght." she is yet alive
"Syr knyght," sayde Gawayne, "have good daye, (see note)
For on foote I have a longe waye,
And horse were wonders deare; badly wounded; (see note)
Some tyme good horses I have good wone, captured
495 And nowe on foote I muste nedes gone. (see note)
God in haste amende my chere!" situation
Syr Gawayne was armed passynge heavy;
On fote myght he not endure, trewely.
Hys knyfe he toke in hande; (see note)
500 Hys armure good he cutte hym fro,
Els on foote myght he not goo.
Thus with care was he bande. beset (bound); (see note)
Leave we nowe of Syr Gawayne in wo, (see note)
And speake we more of Syr Brandles tho. then
505 When he with hys syster mette
He sayed, "Fye on the, harlot stronge!
Yt ys pyttie thou lyvest so longe. (see note)
Strypes harde I wyll the sette." A lashing; give; (see note)
He bete her bothe backe and syde. beat; (see note)
510 And than woulde he not abyde, stay longer
But to hys father streight he wentte,
And he asked hym how he fared. (see note)
He sayde, "Sonne, for the have I cared; you; worried
I wende thou haddest be shente." thought; perished; (see note)
515 Brandles sayde, "I have beate my syster,
And the knyght, I made hym sweare
Than whan we mete agayne, (see note)
He and I wyll together fyght
Tyll that we have spended our myght, exhausted; (see note)
520 And that one of us be slayne."
So home they went all foure together, (see note)
And eche of them helped other,
As well as they myght go.
Than the lady gate her awaye - went off by herself
525 They sawe her never after that daye;
She went wandrynge to and fro.
Also Syr Gawayne on hys partye, for his part; (see note)
On foote he went full werylye, wearily
Tyll he to the courte came home.
530 All hys adventures he shewed the Kinge, disclosed; (see note)
That with those foure knyghtes he had fyghtynge,
And eche after other alone. in single combat
And after that tyme they never mette more; encountered again; (see note)
Full gladde were those knightes therfore. (see note)
535 So there was made the ende. (see note)
I praye God geve us good reste, 8 (see note)
And those that have harde thys lyttel Jeste,
And in hye heaven to be dwellynge; (see note)
And that we all maye, upon domesdaye, (see note)
540 Come to the blysse that lasteth aye,
Where we maye here thy Aungels synge. (see note)
AMEN.
Here endeth the Jeaste of Syr Gawayne.
THE JEASTE OF SIR GAWAIN: FOOTNOTES
1 Until now no man has been able (to have sexual relations with her) because of her modesty
2 braced their spears for combat
3 do you desire any more
4 Before (or until) I suffer painful defeat
5 that [the outcome of]
6 lines 290–91: If he is not a match for you, I cannot think / That you have an equal in knighthood
7 (i.e., whatever he is)
8 lines 536–38: I pray that God give good rest to us / And to all who have heard this little Jeaste, / And (that all) may come to dwell in high heaven
THE JEASTE OF SIR GAWAIN: NOTES
Notes
Abbreviations: B = Bodley MS; H = surviving leaf of printed edition in the Harley Collection, British Library; M = Madden's edition. See Select Bibliography for these editions.
1 And sayde. Jeaste clearly begins in the midst of a conversation between the nameless lady and Gawain, indicating the loss of the opening episode. The context clearly indicates that Gawain has come upon the lady in her forest pavilion while hunting, and has made amorous overtures. She warns him of possible reprisals by her father and brothers, but Gawain dismisses these threats in the opening lines of the surviving text.
5 suche. M: such.
42 Following this line, the remainder of this page is taken up with a drawing showing two mounted knights, in armor with lances; one (obviously Gawain) unhorses the other. The drawings (see lines 147, 274, 357, 452, and 503 and notes) were executed by a talented amateur with archaic realism, in a pseudo-medieval style, and illustrate the enthusiastic response chivalric romance might elicit in the sixteenth century.
50 feutred. B: fentred; M emends without comment.
57 fayne. B: sayne; I emend for sense.
73 and stoure. M suggests reading in stoure.
74 ff. Gylbert here gives Gawain warning that he will soon have to fight the three sons.
103 dyspyte. M: despyte.
109 a trewe knyght. M: trewe knyght.
147 Another picture takes up the remainder of the page, showing a mounted knight with lance and a second knight - clearly Gyamoure at this point in the narrative - unhorsed and seated on the ground, but still holding his lance.
176 stryve. B: stryde; I follow the suggested emendation from M's notes.
207 out of straye. Tyrry turns his horse "astray," abruptly aside from the path on which he had been riding. For the use of this phrase, see Gologras line 19 and note.
233 Thys. This line begins with an enlarged capital T against a shaded background, four lines of text in size.
275 The entire page above this line is taken up with a drawing that closely resembles that on folio 17b; in it a mounted knight holds his lance against a knight seated on the ground (in this case, Terrye), while the latter knight's horse looks on.
284 oure. M: our.
288 than. B: that; I follow M's emendation.
295 Under line 293 a rule is drawn across the page, and line 295 is inserted to the right of line 294, remedying what is clearly a skip by the copyist.
320 Brandles. In the continuation to Chrétien's Perceval, Gawain fights and then reconciles with a knight named Bran de Lys; this same knight accompanies Arthur in the episode that forms the source of the first part of Gologras (though in the Scots poem Arthur's companion is named Spynagros). Carlisle names Syr Brancheles (line 64) among the roster of knights associated with Arthur. In Malory, Lancelot rescues a knight of this name (Braundeles) from Tarquyn (Works, pp. 268, 344 ff.). In addition, Malory declares that two of Gawain's three sons - Sir Florence and Sir Lovell - "were begotyn uppon sir Braundeles syster " (Works, p. 1147), reflecting a narrative tradition that prolongs the relationship between Gawain and this woman long beyond the brief encounter of Jeaste. In Ragnelle, the third son listed by Malory - Sir Gyngalyn - is born of the union between that heroine and Gawain; see Ragnelle, line 799 ff. and note.
324 When the Green Knight appears before Arthur's court in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, "in his on honde he hade a holyn bobbe, / That is grattest in grene when grevez ar bare / And an ax in his other" (lines 206-8: in his one hand he had a sprig of holly, which is greenest when the trees are bare, and an ax in the other). Carrying a bough signals peaceful intentions, though Brandles also holds a spear (line 341).
329 Allso. M: Also.
350 of large. The phrase means "of (considerable) size"; compare Gologras line 241, "The land wes likand in large."
357 The remainder of the page following this line is taken up by a drawing, showing three armored knights on foot, with a fourth mounted holding a spear with pennon attached. Their raised visors make their faces visible, and one, no doubt Gylbert, is bearded.
383 ff. Sir Gylbert seems to say that Gawain defeats and treats honorably all those that approach him violently; but if one speaks courteously to him from the outset, Gawain shows nothing but courtesy.
389 Another enlarged capital against a shaded background, this one six lines in size, begins this line.
451 yt. B: ys; I follow M's emendation.
453 The entire page above this line contains a drawing of two armored knights (Gawain and Brandles) on foot, fighting each other with swords drawn and visors up.
489 pardye much shame. H: moch shame parde.
491 sayde Gawayne. H: syr Gawayne.
491 ff. Having fought to a draw with Brandles, and lost his horse in the duel (as he does in Awntyrs; see lines 540 ff.), Gawain seems to feel he can no longer remain in the pavilion with the lady. He therefore departs on foot, after cutting away the heavy armor a mounted knight would wear for combat.
493 And horse were wonders. H: an horse were me wonder.
495 And. H: But.
I muste nedes. H: nedes must I.
499 hande. H: hende.
502 bande. H: bonde. Following this line, the rest of the page is occupied by a drawing of a knight in armor, holding a staff with one hand and grasping the arm of a woman (clothed in distinctively Elizabethan dress) with the other. These must be Brandles and the nameless sister.
503 nowe of Syr. H: now syr. This line begins with an enlaged capital L against a shaded background, three lines long.
507 pyttie thou. H: pyttie that thou.
508 wyll the sette. H: wyll sette.
509 He bete her. H: And bete the.
512 And he asked. H: Then he axed.
514 wende thou haddest be. H: wende that thou haddest ben.
517 Than whan. H: That whan.
519 Tyll that we. H: Tyll we.
our. H: eche our.
521 all foure together. H: all together.
527 on. H: in.
530 hys adventures. H: this adventure.
533 And after. H: After.
534 those knightes. H: these partyes; M: knyghtes.
535 there was. H: was there.
536 us. H: us al.
538 to. H: for to.
539 all maye, upon. H: all upon.
541 thy. H: the. Following AMEN there is another drawing by the same hand, showing marvelous creatures holding a shield with three fleurs-de-lis. A rectangle at the center surrounds the explicit, above which are the initials E B, perhaps those of the copyist and illustrator. The other romances in the manuscript - Isumbras, Degaré, and Eglamour - are written in the same distinctive hand, with drawings of the same sort, though none of the other romances contains a signature or initials. The date 1564 appears at the conclusion of Eglamour.