ban, n.,
bone; perhaps hide of a dragon; ds. bane 187r11:2579; applied to bone-like fang or tusk, dp. banum 189A(197)v10:2693.
bana, wk. m.,
killer, slayer; figurative: instrument that causes death; 188r2:2614, bona 168r13:1746, 175v19:2085, 185v10:2507, 191r16:2825; gs. ban[an] 133r20:158 (usu. em., MS. banum); as. bonan 173r11:1971, 185r13:2486; ds. banan 143r20:586, 154r5:1101, 178v17:2206; gp. banena *175r12-13:2056.
See also ecgbana, feorhbona, gastbona, handbona, muðbona.
bancofa, wk. m.,
bone-chamber, the body; ds. bancofan 161v18:1447.
banfæt, n.,
vessel of bones, the body; ap. banfatu 154r18:1115.
banfag, adj.,
of a hall: adorned with bone, antlers; 147A(131)v18:779.
banhring, m.,
bone-ring, vertebra; ap. banhringas 164v1-2:1569.
banhus, n.,
bone-house, the body; as. 185v11:2509, 198r19:3149.
banloca, wk. m.,
bone-locker, the body; np. banlocan 147v12:817; ap. 147A(131)r2:741.
gebannan, st. 7,
to bid, order, hail; 130v5:74.
bat, m.,
boat; 134v7:211. See also sæbat.
batweard, m.,
boat guard, boat-keeper; ds. batwearde 171v7:1903.
bædan, wk. 1,
to force, constrain; to urge, incite; pret. 3s. bædde 174r19:2021; pp. gebæded 187r13:2581, 191r17:2827, 196v19:3119.
bæl, m.,
fire, flame, especially the fires of execution and sacrifice; ds. bæle 181r13:2309, 181v6:2323;
funeral pyre; as. bæl 154r12:1108, 154r18:1115, 191r10:2819, bel (with hooked e perhaps correcting to bæl) 176v20:2129; ds. bæle 190v18:2804.
bælfyr, n.,
bale-fire, funeral fire; gp. bælfyra 198r16:3145.
bælstede, m.,
place of the funeral pyre; ds. 196v4:3099.
bælwudu, m.,
wood for a funeral pyre; as. 196v15:3114.
bær, f.,
bier; 196v10:3107.
gebæran, wk. 1,
to behave, act; 152r4:1011, 191r16:2825.
bærnan, wk. 1,
to cause to burn, destroy by fire; to envelop in flames; 154r18:1115, 181r19:2314.
gebætan, wk. 1,
to harness, bridle, saddle; pp. gebæted *161r1:1401.
bæð, n.,
bath; used figuratively for the sea, with genitive complement: ganotes bæð as. 170v11:1864.
be, bi, prep.,
by, near, close by, beside, according to, during; 129v12:36, 143r1:565, 147v9:813, 148v8:857, 156r16:1193, 158v10:1299, 163v18:1539, 164v7:1575, 164v8:1576, 166v22:1687, 170v20:1875, 171r13:1889, 171v12:1908, 179r13:2244, 180r10:2263, 186r21:2543, 189A(197)r9:2666, bi 156r13:1190, 172v19:1959, 186r18:2539, 189r10:2717, 189v21:2757, big 195v5:3049.
of teaching guidance, understanding, observation: according to, by, 172v14:1953;
indicating the means by which an action is applied to the whole: by, 166r7:1649;
for the sake of, for the benefit of, in connection with (someone), 167v14:1725, 167v15:1726.
beacen, n.,
beacon, standard, banner; gp. beacna 190r18:2778;
monument, as. becn 198v7:3162;
referring to the sun, ns. beacen 143r4:569.
(ge)beacnian, wk. 2,
to beckon, signal or gesture; pp. gebeacnod 133r6:140.
beado, beadu, f.,
battle, conflict; gs. beadwe 163v20:1541; gp. beadwa 146r11:708.
beadogrima, wk. m.,
battle mask, helmet; as. beadogriman 180r5:2258.
beadohrægl, n.,
battle-garment, coat of mail; 142v7:551.
beadoleoma, wk. m.
battle-light, sword; 163v6:1525.
beadomece, m.,
battle-sword; np. beadomecas 162r6:1456.
beadorinc, m.,
warrior; gp. beadorinca 154r11:1108.
beadufolm, f.,
battle-hand, warlike hand; as. beadufolme 151v3:989.
beadulac, n.,
battle-sport, battle; ds. beadulace 164r18:1563.
beadurof, adj.,
battle-brave, renowned in battle; mgs. beadurofes 198v7:3162.
beadurun, f.,
battle-secret, secret quarrel; as. beadurune 141r17:500.
beaduscearp, adj.,
battle-sharp; nas. 189A(197)v20-21:2705.
beaduscrud, n.,
battle-garment, coat of mail; gp. beaduscruda 140r9:452.
beaduserce, wk. f.,
battle-shirt, coat of mail; as. beadusercean 189v20:2756.
beaduweorc, n.,
battle-work; gs. bea[du]weorces *181r3-4:2300 (usu. rest. beadu[we] or bead[we] weorces).
beag, beah, m.,
circular ornament, ring, bracelet, collar, crown; in plural perhaps 'treasures, valuables'; beah 156v15:1213; as. 174v21:2044, 191r4:2813, beg 198v9:3165; gs. beages 156v20:1218; ds. beage 155v5:1162; ap. beagas 130v11:80, 141v20:522, 167v11:1722, 168r20:1753, 182v8:2371, 188v3:2636, 194v17:3011, 194v20:3016, 196v10:3107; gp. beaga 129v11:35, 137v12:352, 162v17:1489, 180v9:2285, 194v5:2996.
See also earmbeag, healsbeag.
beaggyfa, wk. m.,
treasure-giver, lord; gs. beaggyfan 154r5:1101.
beaghord, n.,
treasure hoard; gs. beahhordes 149r19-20:893; gp. beahhorda 150r3:920; dp. beahhordum 191r17:2827.
beaghroden, adj.,
adorned with treasure; 144r15:622.
beahsele, m.,
treasure-hall; hall in which treasure is distributed; 156r2:1179.
beahðegu, f.,
receiving of treasure; ds. beahðege 178r11:2179.
beahwriða, wk. m.,
circlet, ring; as. beahwriðan 174r20:2021.
bealdian, wk. 2,
to be bold, show oneself courageous; pret. 3s. bealdode *178r11-12:2180.
bealdor, m.,
lord, ruler, prince; 187r2:2568, baldor *184r1-2:2429.
bealo, bealu, adj.,
evil, baleful, deadly; dp. balwon 151r13:976.
bealo, bealu, n.,
aggression, attack; ds. bealwe 191r17:2827; gp. bealuwa 136r7:281;
bale, woe, harm, destruction, gp. bealwa 149v12:908, bealewa 175v19:2085.
See also cwealmbealu, ealdorbealu, feorhbealu, hreþerbealo, leodbealo, morðbealu, morðorbealo, nihtbealu, sweordbealo, wigbealu.
bealocwealm, m.,
death from attack, violent slaughter; *180r13-14:2266.
bealohycgende, pres. ptc. used as subst.,
one who plans an attack, intends destruction; gp. bealohycgendra 186v21:2566.
bealohydig, adj.,
contemplating attack, intending destruction; 146v5:722.
bealonið, m.,
violent enmity, baleful rage; pernicious evil; 183r21:2405, bealonið *189r8:2715; as. 168v6:1761.
Beanstan, m.,
father of Breca; gs. Beanstanes 142r1:523.
bearhtm, m.,
brightness, twinkling; sound, noise; 168v13:1769; as. 161v7:1433.
bearm, m.,
bosom, lap; one's possession; ns. 154v19:1136; as. 155r6:1143, *178v9:2197, 190r16:2776; ds. bearme 129v15-16:40;
hold of a ship; as. bearm 129v11:35, 134v9:214, 149v1:895;
referring to ownership; ds. bearme 183r21:2405; [bea]rme *129v1:21 (usu. rest.).
bearn, mn.,
offspring, descendant, child; 140v4:468, 141r15-16:498, 149r14:887, 149v13:909, 170r11:1840, 183r4:2388; as. 164r5:1548, 176v14:2124; ds. bearne 182v9:2371; np. bearn 130r13:59, 187v7:2598, 198v14:3172; ap. 153v13:1087, 193v15:2957; gp. bearna 174v17:2040, 175v5:2070, 184r6:2434;
in collocations denoting the offspring of related children; as. bearn 188r8:2620;
son of the first degree; dp. bearnum 153r19:1073;
in genitival phrases identifying an individual, especially a hero, by naming his father; ns. bearn 142r6:528, 144v2:630, 150v16:956, 160v7:1385, 162v4:1475, 166r12:1653, 169v15:1820, 173v20:2002, 178r12:2180, 183v19:2426;
descendants; np. bearn 178r19:2187; ap. 155r3:1140;
offspring of princes, heroes; children of men, people; np. *130v2:70, 149r5:877, 156r14:1191, 161r9:1410; ap. 143v17:604; gp. bearna 151v17-18:1004, 160r13:1369, 179r17:2227; dp. bearnum 133r13:150.
bearngebyrdo, f.,
childbearing; gs. 150v7:945.
bearu, m.,
grove, wood; np. bearwas 160r10:1365.
beatan, st. 7,
to beat, strike; referring to the pounding of horses' hooves; pret. 3s. beateð 180r13:2266; pp. gebeaten *182r19:2360.
bebeodan, st. 2,
to command, bid, charge, enjoin; pret. 3s. bebead 139r1:400, 173r18:1978.
bebeorgan, st. 3,
to protect or defend; 168r16:1749; with reflexive dat., to protect oneself; imp. s. bebeorh *168v6:1761.
bebugan, st. 2,
to surround, circle, encompass; pres. 3s. bebugeð *132r2-3:93, *157r5:1225.
bebycgan, wk. 1,
to sell or give in exchange; pret. 1s. bebohte *190v14-15:2800.
beceorfan, st. 3,
to cut off; pret. 1s. becearf 177r12:2141; pret. 3s. 164v22:1592.
becuman, st. 4,
to come; pret. 3s. becom 132v4:115, 134r12:192, 194v2:2993, becwom 157v13:1256, 176v10:2119, 182v4:2366;
to befall; pret. 3s. becwom 192v1:2884;
to come to do (something); pret. 3s. becom 186v10:2553.
bed(d), n.,
bed, couch, sleeping space; as. bed 133r5:140 145v1:675; gs. beddes 169r13-14:1794; dp. beddum 157r19:1242.
See also deaðbed, hlimbed, legerbedd, morþorbed, wælbed.
bedælan, wk. 1,
to deprive of; in passive or past participle: '(to be) bereft of'; pp. bedæled 146v3:720, 158r10:1277.
gebedda, wk. mf.,
bedmate; ds. gebeddan 145r11:664.
See also healsgebedda.
befæstan, wk. 1,
to consign, commit, entrust (e.g., a body to the funeral pyre); 154r17-18:1114.
befeallan, st. 7,
to fall, befall; deprive of, bereave of; pp. befeallen 154v9:1125, 180r4:2257.
befleon, st. 2,
to flee, escape from, evade; ger. befleonne 151v15:1002.
befon, st. 7,
to grasp, take hold of, seize; pp. befangen 158v8:1297, 180r21:2275, 181v6:2322, befongen *151r12:975, 162r3:1453, 187v5:2596, bifongen 174r10:2012.
beforan,
I. adv., before, ahead, in advance; 161r11-12:1414, 185v2:2498;
II. prep., before; 152r13:1023.
begang, m.,
course, circuit, expanse (of the seas, plains, heaven); as. *138r22-23:362, 170r1:1829, begong 148v10:859, 163r6:1499, 168v19:1776, bigong 182v6:2368.
begen, numeral (used as adj., subst., and conj.),
both; 142r13:535, 147A(131)v8:768, 189r2:2708; fap. ba 158v18:1307, 175v2:2066; mgp. bega 154v6:1123; ngp. bega 152v10:1042, 170v22:1876, 192v11:2896; mdp. bam *178v11:2199, *189A(197)r4:2661.
begnornian, wk. 2,
to lament, bemoan; pret. 3p. begnornodon 198v19:3180.
begylpan, st. 3,
to boast of, glory in; *174r6-7:2009.
begytan, st. 5,
to get, obtain, acquire; pret. 3p. begeaton 179r18:2250;
to take hold, seize, afflict (someone); pret. subj. 3s. begeate 177r4:2133;
to come upon, happen, befall; pret. 3s. begeat 153r15:1067, 155r8:1145, 179r2:2231, beget 192r13:2873.
behealdan, st. 7,
to hold, occupy, inhabit; pret. 3s. beheold 163r7:1500;
to attend to one's duties; pret. 3s. 141r9:493, 145r14:666;
to behold, observe; pret. 3s. 146v18:735.
behelan, st. 4,
to hide, conceal; pp. beholen 139r12-13:413.
behofian, wk. 2,
to have need of, require; pres. 3s. behofað 188v14:2648.
behon, st. 7,
to hang about, cover; pp. behongen 198r13:3141.
behreosan, st. 2,
to be deprived of, divested of; map. behrorene 190r5:2763.
beirnan, st. 3,
to run; of thought: to occur to; pret. 3s. bearn 139r20:67.
belean, st. 6,
to dissuade, prohibit; 141v8:510.
beleosan, st. 2,
to lose, be deprived of; pp. beloren, 153r18-19:1072.
gebelgan, st. 3,
to anger, enrage; pret. subj. 3s. gebulge 181v14:2332; pp. gebolgen, swollen with anger, enraged, *146v6:722 (UV, usu. rest.), 163v20:1541, 181r9:2305, 183r17-18:2402, 186v8:2551, gebolge[n] *179r12-13:2223 (usu. rest.); np. gebolgne 161v7:1433.
belimpan, st. 3,
to happen to; pret. 3s. belamp 184v18:2469.
belucan, st. 2,
to close, shut; pret. 3s. beleac
referring to a body of water: locked into ice; 154v15:1131;
to make secure, protect by battle; pret. 1s. beleac 168v16-17:1773.
bemurnan, st. 3,
to mourn, bewail; pret. 3s. bemearn 149v11:906, 153v2:1076.
ben, f.,
prayer, petition; gs. bene 139v5:427, 180v10:2285.
bena, wk. m.,
petitioner; 137v13:352, 198r14:3142; np. benan 138r24:364.
benc, f.,
bench; 141r7:491; ds. bence 137r9:327, 152r4:1012, 156r13:1190, 157v2:1245. See also ealobenc, medobenc.
bencsweg, m.,
revelry, 'noise from those sitting on benches'; *155v3:1160.
bencþel, n.,
bench-plank; np. bencþelu 141r1:485; ap. 157r18:1241.
bend, mf.,
bond, cord (especially referring to restraining fetters); dp. bendum 151r13:976;
figuratively: forstes bend, 'ice', as. 165r16:1611.
See also fyrbend, hellbend, hygebend, irenbend, oncearbend, searobend, wælbend.
benn, f.,
wound, sore; as. benne *189r16:2725. See also feorhbenn.
benemnan, wk. 1,
to declare, affirm; pret. 3s. benemde 154r1:1096;
to curse, pret. 3p. benemdon 196r3-4:3071.
beneotan, st. 2, to deprive of; 145v4-5:679; pret. 3s. bineat 183r14:2397.
bengeat, n.,
wound-opening; np. bengeato 154v2:1120.
beniman, st. 4,
to deprive of, take from; pret. 3s. benam 173r13:1889.
beodan, st. 2,
to offer; bestow on, tender, render up something; 138v6:385; pret. 3p. budon 153v10:1084; pp. boden 193v17:2958;
to announce, declare, reveal, biodan 192v8:2893.
gebeodan, st. 2,
to offer, announce; 143v14-15:602, 196v13:3112; pret. 3s. gebead 182v8:2370.
beodgeneat, m.,
table-companion; np. beodgeneatas 137v24:343; ap. 167v5:1716.
beon, anom., with preterit supplied from wesan, st. 5,
to be, exist, be among the living; as linking verb: to be, become; also as auxiliary with past participle;
Present tense forms, eom, am, and beo, be, shall be:
eom, both as main verb and auxiliary; as main verb expressing a present state;
1s. eom 137r17:335, 139r6:406, 162v6:1477, 186r8:2528;
2s. eart 137v13:352, 141v3:505, 170r17:1847, 191r5:2814;
3s. is 135r17:248, 135v24:256, 135v20:272, 136r15:290, 136v18:316, 137v24:343, 138r17:375, 140r10:453, 140v8:472, 140v12:475, 146r3:699, 156r2:1178, 157r9:1230, 159r15:1324, 159r16:1325, 160r20:1378, 165r18:1613, *167r16:1705, 167v16:1727, 168v8:1764, 174r1:2003, 177r9:2138, 177v4:2152, 188v13:2647, 188v17:2652, 192v14:2901, 194v15:3009, 194v18:3013, 195v12:3058 196r11:3080, [is] *174v5:2027 (usu. rest.), ys 176r9:2096, *193r1:2911, 194v9:3001, 196r15:3086,
3s. negative form nis 135r18:249, 160r8:1363, 160r17:1374, 184v7:2459, 186r13:2533;
subj. 3s. sie 139v12:434, 145v7:681, 196v10:3107, si 179v8:2238 (usu. em. s[e]), sig 169r2:1781, sy 170r6:1834, 172v6:1944, 188v16:2650;
1p. synt 135v8:260, 137v23:342;
2p. syndon 135r8:237, 138v12:392;
3p. sint 138v9:388, synt 138r25:364, syndon 135v25:257, 138r1:361, *157r10-11:1232;
beo, be, shall be;
with a future sense, 1s. beo 169v22:1828;
3s. bið (S1) 136v23:299, 145r6:659, 150v9:948, 168v9:1765, 168v14:1770, 169r8:1787, 170r9:1838, (S2) 175r2:2046;
3p. bioð (S2) *175v1:2066;
referring to an invariable fact or typical instance,
3s. bið (S1) 134r2:183, 134r5:186, 153r6:1058, 158r17:1285, 160v8:1386, 160v12:1390, 168r12:1745, 168r14:1748, (S2) 172v4:1943, 184r15:2445, 184r21:2451, 186r20:2542, 192v6:2891, *198v17:3176, byð (S1) 151v15:1001, (S2) 180v3:2278;
imp. s. beo (S1) 138v6:386, 155v18:1175, 157r7:1228, bio (S2) 189v13:2748;
3p. beoð (S1) 170r12:1841.
beor, n.,
beer, alcoholic drink; ds. beore 140v15:479, 142r8:530, 174v21:2044.
beorg, beorh, m.,
a cliff, headland, promontory; ds. beorge 134v7:211; ap. beorgas 134v16:222;
barrow, tumulus, burial mound; ns. beorh 179r12:2242; as. beorh 181r4:2300, 196v4:3099, biorh 190v21:2808, beorg 198v9:3165; gs. beorges 181r9:2305, 181v6:2323, 186r5:2525, 187r13:2581, 189v20:2756, biorges 196r1:3068; ds. beorge 186r10:2530, 186v4:2547, 186v16:2560, 191v9:2843, 198r16:3145; ap. biorgas 180r20:2273.
See also stanbeorh, Hreosnabeorh.
beorgan, st. 3,
to protect, defend, preserve, save; 158v6:1295, 161v18:1447; pret. 3p. burgan 187v8-9:2600.
gebeorgan, st. 3,
to protect, defend, preserve, save; pret. 3s. gebearh 164r6:1550, gebearg 187r5:2571.
beorht, adj.,
bright, brilliant, gleaming; 169v1:1805; nns. 143r4:569; wk. mns. beorhta *156r2:1179; wk. nns. beorhte 151v10:996; fgs. beorhtre 133r20:158; mas. beorhtne 190v17:2804; map. beorhte 135r23:231; fap. beorhte 134v9:214, 149v1-2:895; nap. beorht 181r19:2314; wk. map. beorhtan 157v2:1245; fdp. beorhtum 198r14:3142; supl. beorhtost 190r18:2778.
See also sadolbeorht, wlitebeorht.
Beorht-Dene, m.,
Bright-Danes; gp. Beorht-Dena 139v4:426, 144r1:608.
beorhte, adv.,
brightly, brilliantly; *163v1:1519.
beorhtian, wk. 2,
to give light, shine, gleam; figuratively: to resound; pret. 3s. beorhtode 155v2:1160.
beorn, m.,
man; noble, hero, warrior; 184r5:2434, biorn 186v16:2560; as. beorn *152r13:1023, 158v12:1301, *176v15:2124; ds. beorne 180r8:2261; np. beornas 134v7:211, 148v6:855; gp. beorn[a] *179r12:2223 (usu. rest.), biorna 183r21:2405. See also guðbeorn.
beorncyning, m.,
warrior-king; vs. *177v2-3:2151.
beorscealc, m.,
beer-drinker, feaster, reveller; gp. beorscealca 157r20:1242.
beorsele, m.,
beer-hall; ds. beorsele 140v17:481, 141r6-7:491, 153v18:1093, biorsele 188v2:2636.
beorþegu, f.,
carousal, beer-drinking; ds. beorþege *132v6:117, 144r10:616.
beot, n.,
a formal vow, promise; as. 130v10:80, 142r1:522.
gebeotian, wk. 2,
to vow, promise; pret. 1p. gebeotedon 142r12-13:535; pret. 3p. 140v15:479.
beotword, n.,
in plural: words of a formal vow; dp. beotwordum 185v14:2511.
Beowulf, m.,
Danish king, son of Scyld; 129r16:18, 130r8:53.
Beowulf, m.,
the protagonist of the poem; 137v24:343, 139r23-24:404, 141v3:505, 142r6:528, 144v2:630, 145r20:675, 150v15:956, 152r14:1023, 156r16:1193, 158v12-13:1301, 159r3:1312, 161v15:1443, 166r12:1653, *169v15:1820, 171r7:1883, 185v13:2511, BEOWVLF *160v7:1385, 162v4:1475, (S2) Biowulf 173v20:2002, 182r20:2360, 183v19:2426, 189r16:2725;
vs. (S1) Beowulf 140r14:456, 150v7:945, 156v20:1218, *167r17:1706, 168v6:1761, *170v4-5:1857, (S2) Biowulf 173v9-10:1990, 189A(197)r7:2664;
as. (S1) Beowulf 138r24:364, 144v20:652, (S2) Biowulf 183r6:2390;
gs. (S1) Beowulfes 141r18:500, 147r12-13:794, 148v7:855, 148v20:871, (S2) 173r14:1974, Biowulfes 178v8:2197, 189A(197)r21:2682, 190v21:2808;
ds. (S1) Beowulfe *144r1-2:608, 144r15:622, 147v13:817, 152r10:1019, 152v10:1042, 152v19:1050, (S2) 179r1:2210, Biowulfe 181v8:2325, 191v9:2843, 192v20:2908, 195v21:3068.
beran, st. 4,
to carry, bear (something); to carry a weapon, bear arms; 135r22:231, 136r16:291, 152r14:1023, 169v5:1810, 172r6:1923, 177v6:2155, 185v21:2519, 189v19:2755;
pres. 3s. byreð 136r20:296, 140r4:447, 175r15:2058;
pres. subj. 1s. bere 139v13:436, 170r8:1837; pres. subj. 1p. beren 188v20:2654;
pret. 3s. bær 141r9:494, 146r14:710, 148r18:845, 149v1:895, 161r6:1407, 163r13:1508, 173v5:1985, 174v3:2024, 175r8:2051, 179r14:2245, 180v7:2282, 186r19:2540, 189A(197)r6:2662, 189A(197)v5:2687, 194r20:2989, 198r3:3126;
pret. 3p. bæron 134v9:213, 165v19:1637, 171r17:1892, 182v4:2366, bæran 191v16:2851;
pp. boren 156r18:1194, 166r7:1649, 198r10:3137.
with reference to the sea, storm, waves: beran aweg 'to carry off, carry away (someone)', inf. beran *130r2:48.
geberan, st. 4,
to bear a child; pp. geboren 167r16:1705.
bereafian, wk. 2,
to deprive of, strip, take away from, bereave; pp. bereafod 189v13:2747, 191r17:2826, 195r3:3020.
bereofan, st. 2,
to deprive of, bereave; pp. berofene 184v6:2458, 193r18:2932.
berian, wk. 1,
to clear something away; pret. 3p. beredon 157r18:1241.
berstan, st. 3,
to break apart; of wounds: to break open; pret. 3p. burston *154v3:1120;
of the joints or muscles of the body; 147v12:817;
of fingers locked in a grip: to burst open; 147A(131)r19:759.
See also forberstan.
bescufan, st. 2,
to shove, thrust; *134r3:184.
besettan, wk. 1,
to cover, adorn; pret. 3s. besette 162r5:1455.
besittan, st. 5,
to surround, besiege, beset; pret. 3s. besæt 193r21:2937.
besmiþian, wk. 2,
to strengthen or adorn something with metalwork; pp. besmiþod 147A(131)v13-14:774.
besnyððan, wk. 1,
to deprive, rob (someone of life); pret. 3s. besnyðede 193r12:2925.
bestyman, wk. 1,
to make moist, wet; to drench; pp. bestymed 141r1:485.
beswælan, wk. 1,
to burn, scorch; pp. beswæled 195v1:3043.
besyrwan, wk. 1,
to contrive, devise; 150v3:941;
to ensnare, trick, deceive, *146r15-16:712; pp. besyre[d] *179r10-11:2221 (usu. rest.).
gebetan, wk. 1,
to make good, mend, settle 184v15:2466; pret. 2s. gebettest 173v13:1994; pret. 3s. gebette *148r3:829.
betimbran, wk. 1,
to build; pret. 3p. beti[m]bredon *198v6-7:3161 (usu. rest.).
betlic, adj.,
excellent, splendid; nns. 172r11:1928; as. [b]etlic 147A(131)v18:779 (usu. em., MS hetlic).
bewægnan, wk. 1,
to offer; pp. bewægned 156r19:1195.
bewæpnian, wk. 2,
to deprive of weapons, disarm; pp. mds. bewæpned 158r18:1286.
bewennan, wk. 1,
to attend to, entertain; pp. np. bewenede 169v18:1824, biwenede 174v15:2038.
bewerian, wk. 1 and 2,
to ward off, defend against; pret. subj. 3p. beweredon 150r20:937.
bewindan, st. 3,
to wind, entwine round; pret. 3s. bewand 162r13:1463; pp. bewunden 152r20:1030, 183v19:2425, 195r7:3024, 195v9-10:3054, 198r18:3148.
bewitian, wk. 2,
to watch, observe; to undertake, carry out; to care for, watch over; pres. 3p. bewitiað 154v17:1134; bewitigað 161v5:1430; pret. 3s. beweotode *179r5:2215; beweote[d]e 169r18:1799 (MS beweotene, usu. em.).
bewyrcan, wk. 1,
to surround; pret. 3p. beworhton 198v8:3163.
bicgan, wk. 1,
to buy, pay for; 158v18:1307; pret. 3s. [bohte] *179r10:2220 (usu. rest. nothing). See also bebycgan.
gebicgan, wk. 1,
to buy, pay for; pret. 3s. gebohte 151r10:972, 185r10:2482, [geboh]te *194v21:3016 (usu. rest.).
bid, n.,
a delay, stop, halt; 193v20:2963.
bidan, st. 1,
to wait, stay, remain, dwell; *181r12-13:2309; pret. 3s. bad 130v17:87, 136v25:301, 136v13:310, 159r6:1315, 187r4:2569; pret. 3p. bidon 138v20:399;
to await; inf. bidan 140v17:481, *142r5:527, 158r4:1270, 163r3:1496; pret. 1s. bad 189v4:2737;
to experience, endure; pret. 3s. bad 130v13:82, 146r11:708, 171r9:1885.
See also abidan, onbidan.
gebidan, st. 1,
to await, wait to see; imp. p. gebide 186r10:2530; ger. gebidanne 184v2:2453;
to experience, live to see; endure; inf. gebidan 144v8:637, 150r15:933, *153r7-8:1059, 160v10:1388, *182r3-4:2343; pret. 1s. gebad 150r11:928, 169r3:1782; pret. 3s. *129r7:7, 135v10:264, 147v10:814, 165v3:1620, 167v12:1723, 180r7:2259, 196v18:3118; pp. gebiden *172r13:1931; ger. gebidanne 184r16:2446.
biddan, st. 5,
to ask, entreat; 139v4:426; pres. 1s. bidde 157r12:1233; pret. 1s. bæd 173v16:1997; pret. 3s. 129v7:29, 144r9:616, 180v8:2283, 196v3:3098; pret. 3p. bædon 133v16:176.
bil(l), n.,
sword; 164v2:1569, bill 190r18:2778; as. bil 164r15:1559, bill 188r9:2622; gs. billes 175r20:2063, 185r13:2486, 185v12:2509; ds. bille 182r19:2360; gp. billa 143r16:582, 155r5:1143; dp. billum 129v15:40.
See also guðbil, hildebil, wigbil.
bindan, st. 3,
to bind together; nap. gebunden 148v19:870; pp. *168r11:1746, 176v6:2114;
to brace; here in metaphor for a ship; mas. bundenne 134v11:216;
to wreath, adorn, embellish (with gold); mns. bunden 158r19:1287; nas. bunden *171v8:1903; nap. gebunden 163v13:1533.
See also onbindan.
gebindan, st. 3,
to bind together; pret. 1s. geband 139r18:419.
bisigu, wk. f.,
activity, occupation; work, toil, labor; affliction, trouble, anxiety, care; ns. 136r7:281; dp. bysigum 187r13:2581, bisgum 168r12:1746.
bitan, st. 1,
to bite; to cut or stab; 162r6:1456, 163v6:1525; pret. 3s. bat 147A(131)r2:741, 187r12:2579.
bite, m.,
a bite; the cut of a sword or other weapon; as. 180r8:2260; ds. 175r20:2063. See also laðbite.
biter, adj.,
biting, sharp, fierce; of things that pierce or bite, such as arrows, knives, and jaws; 189A(197)v20:2705; wk. mds. biteran 168r15:1749; wk. ndp. biteran 189A(197)v10:2693;
bitter, np. bitere 161v7:1433.
bitre, adv.,
bitterly, badly, sorely; 181v14:2332.
blac, adj.,
bleak, pale, mortally wounded, 185r15:2489 (usu. em. [heoro]blac); bright, shining; mas. blacne 163v1:1519.
blanca, wk. m.,
(shining or white) horse; dp. blancum 148v6:855.
blæc, adj.,
black; wk. mns. blaca 169r22:1804.
blæd, m.,
fame, success, happiness, prosperity, glory; 129r17:18, 154v6:1123, 167r16:1705, 168v9:1764.
blædagande, pres. ptc. used as subst.,
brave one; mnp. *152r4-5:1012.
blædfæst, adj.,
glorious, prosperous; mas. blædfæstne 158v12:1301.
bleate, adv.,
wretchedly; 191r15:2825.
blican, st. 1,
to shine, blaze, radiate light; 134v15:222.
bliðe, adj.,
joyful, happy; mns. 139v13:435; mas. bliðne 144r9:616. See also unbliðe.
bliðheort, adj.,
blithe-hearted, glad-spirited; tranquil, untroubled; 169r22:1805.
blod, n.,
blood; 154v3:1120, 165r22:1618, 166v5:1669; as. blod *147A(131)r2:741; ds. blode 141r1:485, 148r19:846, 150r16:933, 161r20:1424, *165r2:1596, *171r6-7:1883, 194r9:2975.
blodegian, wk. 2,
to make bloody; pp. geblodegod 189A(197)v10:2693.
blodfag, adj.,
blood-stained; 175r20:2063.
blodig, adj.,
bloody; covered, smeared, stained with blood; nas. 140r4:447; fas. blodge 151v3:989; wk. mds. blodigan 184r12:2441.
blodigtoð, adj.,
bloody-toothed, murderous; 175v19:2085.
blodreow, adj.,
bloodthirsty, cruel, murderous; nns. 167v11:1722.
blondenfeax, adj.,
grey-haired; old; 169r13:1794; wk. mns. blondenfexa 193v20:2963; mds. blondenfeaxum 170v21-22:1876; mnp. blondenfeaxe 165r3:1596.
bodian, wk. 2,
to announce, proclaim; pret. 3s. bodode 169r22:1805.
bolca, wk. m.,
deck, gangway of a ship; as. bolcan 135r22:231.
bold, n.,
dwelling, home, house, building; 151v10:996, 172r10:1928; as. 178v10:2199; gp. bolda 181v10:2327. See also foldbold.
boldagend, m., pres. ptc.,
house owner, hall-ruler; gp. boldagendra 196v15:3114.
bolgenmod, adj.,
enraged; 146r11:708, *167v5:1716.
bolster, mn.,
cushion, pillow, bolster; dp. bolstrum 157r19:1242. See also hleorbolster.
bongar, m.,
deadly spear; 174v11:2034.
bord, n.,
shield, buckler; 189A(197)r14:2674; as. 186r5:2525; gp. borda 180r7:2260. See also hildebord, wigbord.
bordhæbbend(e), m., pres. ptc.,
shield bearer; np. bordhæbbende 192v10-11:2896.
bordhreoða, wk. m.,
cover or protection of the shield; ds. bordhreoðan 178v16-17:2206.
bordrand, m.,
shield or rim of shield; as. 186v16:2560.
bordweal, m.,
shield-wall; phalanx, shield bearer; as. 194r14:2981.
bordwudu, m.,
wooden shield; ap. *157v2:1245.
bot, f.,
relief, deliverance, remedy, help; 136r7:281; as. bote 149v13:908, 150r16:933;
compensation, gs. bote 133r20:158.
botm, m.,
the bottom; ds. botme 163r14:1508.
brad, adj.,
broad, wide; 198v6:3159; mis. brade 194r12:2979; nas. 196v10:3107; wk. nns. br[æ]de *179r1:2210;
of swords, nas. brad 164r4:1548.
gebræc, n.,
breaking; as. 180r7:2260.
Breca, wk. m.,
chief of the Brondings; 143r16:582; as. Brecan 142r8:530; ds. (?as.) 141v3:505.
brecan, st. 4,
to break apart or asunder; *194r13:2981; pret. 3s. bræc 164v2:1569, 173v8:1988, 190v3:2785;
to break or burst through; pret. 3s. 163r18:1513;
to burst from or burst out of; inf. 186v3:2547;
to break an oath or pledge; pret. subj. 3s. bræce 154r3:1099;
to be tormented by; pret. 3s. bræc 135r24:232; pp. [b]rocene *175v2:2066 (usu. em. [ab]rocene).
See also tobrecan, þurhbrecan.
gebrecan, st. 4,
to break apart or asunder; pret. 3s. gebræc 185v12:2509; pp. gebrocen 198r19:3149.
brecð, f.,
a broken condition; np. brecða 133v11:171.
bregdan, st. 3,
to move suddenly; to draw, brandish; 146r9-10:706; pret. 3s. brægd 147r12:793, 163v20:1541; pret. 2p. brugdon 141v11-12:513;
to weave; inf. bregdon 178r2:2170;
to be woven, meshed, interlocked; pp. broden 142v8:551, 164r6:1550; fas. brogdne 189v19:2756.
See also abregdan, onbregdan.
gebregdan, st. 3,
to draw, unsheath a weapon; pret. 1s. gebræd 166v2:1666; pret. 3s. 186v19:2563, 189A(197)v20:2704, gebrægd 164r21:1566;
woven, intertwined, pp. gebroden 161v17:1445.
brego, m.,
ruler, lord; 144r1:608; as. 172v18:1957; vs. 139v4:426.
bregorof, adj.,
brave as a ruler or lord, very brave; 172r11:1928.
bregostol, m.,
seat of a ruler; dominion, sway; as. 178v10:2199, *182v8-9:2371, 183r6:2390.
breme, adj.,
celebrated, renowned; illustrious, glorious; 129r16:18.
brenting, m.,
ship; ap. brentingas 190v21:2808.
breost, n.,
breast, (the front of) the chest; as. breost 140r9:452; dp. breostum 142v8:551;
as seat of human vitality; dp. 189r8:2715;
as source of feeling, sensation; dp. 186v7:2551;
as source of consciousness, thought, belief; ns. breost *181v15:2332; MS brost 178r11:2179 usu. em. br[e]ost.
breostgehygd, fn.,
thought of the breast, innermost thought; dp. breostgehygdum 191r10:2819.
breostgewæde, n.
garment for the breast, corslet; np. breostgewædu 156v15:1213; ap. 177v16:2165.
breosthord, mn.,
breast-hoard; heart, mind; *167v10-11:1722; as. 190v9:2793.
breostnet, n.,
corslet; 164r6:1550.
breostweorðung, f.,
breast decoration or ornament; as. breostweorðunge 185v8:2505.
breostwylm, m.,
emotion of the heart; as. *171r3-4:1880.
breotan, st. 2,
to kill, destroy; pret. 3s. breat 167v4:1716. See also abreotan.
brim, n.,
sea, ocean, waters of the sea; 148r19:846 gs. brimes 129v6:28, 190v18:2804;
specifically: wave, surge of the sea, np. brimu 143r4:569;
referring to the waters of Grendel's mere, ns. 165r2:1596.
brimclif, n.,
sea-cliff, headland; ap. brimclifu 134v15:222.
brimlad, f.,
seapath, ocean voyage; as. brimleade (perhaps confused with brimgelad) 152v19:1050 (usu. em. brimlade).
brimliðende, m., pres. ptc.,
seafarer; ap. 143r3:567.
brimstream, m.,
sea current, sea; ap. brimstreamas 171v17:1913.
brimwisa, wk. m.,
sea-leader; as. brimwisan 193r17:2931.
brimwylf, f.,
sea-shewolf (Grendel's mother); 165r7:1601, brimwyl[f] 163r13-14:1508 (usu. em.).
brimwylm, m.,
sea-surge, welling water; 163r3:1496.
bringan, wk. 1,
to bring, lead; 170v12:1865, 177v3:2151 185v8:2505; pres. 1s. bringe *170r3-4:1832; pret. 1p. brohton 166r14:1655.
gebringan, wk. 1,
to bring, lead, carry; pres. subj. 1p. gebringan 194v16:3011.
broga, wk. m.,
terror, horror, danger; *158v6:1293, 179r1:2230,181v8:2325, *187r1:2566; as. or ap. brogan 143r16:582.
See also gryrebroga, herebroga.
brogdenmæl, n.,
sword (or part of sword) with woven patterns; 166v5:1669, brodenmæl 165r22:1618.
brond, m.,
fire, flame; 194v21:3016; ds. bronde 176v19:2129, 181v6:2323; gp. bronda 198v7:3162;
sword; sword blade; ns. brond 162r5:1456; as. brand 152r10:1019.
Brondingas, mp.,
tribal name; gp. Brondinga 141v19:520.
bront, adj.,
high, deep, steep; mas. brontne 143r2:567;
of a ship: 'tall, high-prowed'; mas. brontne 135r9:238.
Brosingas, mp.,
tribal name; gp. Brosinga 156v5:1201.
brosnian, wk. 2,
to decay; of chain mail: to rust, disintegrate; pres. 3s. brosnað 180r8:2261.
broþor, m.,
brother (or half-brother) by blood relationship; 159r17:1326, broðor 184r12:2441, 194r12:2979; gs. broðor 188r7:2620; ds. breþer 157v19:1264; dp. broðrum 143r19:586, 153r20:1073.
gebroðor, mp.,
brothers; dp. gebroðrum 156r16:1193.
brucan, st. 2,
to use, employ; 149r20:893, 152v12:1044, 179r11:2242, 191r5:2813, 196v7:3102; pres. 3s. bruceð 153r9:1061; imp. s. bruc 156r3:1179, 156v19:1218, 177v16:2165; pret. 1s. breac 162v17:1489; pret. 3s. 172v17:1956, br[ea]c *176r13:2100 (A bræc, B brenc, usu. em.).
brun, adj.,
of brown hue, dark-colored; in poetry, of forged metal: traditionally interpreted as 'shining, gleaming'; 187r11:2579.
brunecg, adj.,
of sword edge, traditionally interpreted as 'bright of edge, gleaming'; perhaps 'brown of edge'; nas. 164r4:1548.
brunfag, adj.,
of brown hue; mas. brunfagne 188r3:2616.
bryd, f.,
bride, wife; woman; 174v11:2034; as. bryda (usu. em. bryd) 193v15-16:2957; ap. bryde 193v15-16:2957.
brydbur, m.,
marriage chamber, bridal chamber; ds. brydbure 150r3:920.
bryneleoma, wk. m.,
beam of fire, burning flame; *181r19-20:2314.
brynewylm, m.,
surge of fire, surging flame; dp. brynewylmum 181v10:2327.
brytnian, wk. 2,
to distribute, give; pret. 3s. brytnade 182v21:2384.
brytta, wk. m.,
distributer, dispenser; 143v19:606; vs. 155v15-16:1172, 175v9:2074; as. bryttan 129v11:35, 137v12-13:352, 162v17:1489, 172r8:1925.
bryttian, wk. 2,
to distribute, dispense; pres. 3s. bryttað 167v18:1729.
buan, st. 7, wk. 3 assimilated to wk. 2,
to inhabit, dwell in; 195v21:3067, buon 191v9:2843.
See also ceasterbuend, feorbuend, foldbuend, grundbuend, landbuend.
gebuan, st. 7, wk. 3 assimilated to wk. 2,
to inhabit, dwell in; to occupy, possess; pp. gebun 132v5:117.
bufolc, n.,
town-folk, neighboring folk; b[u]folc *179r12:2223 (usu. rest.).
bugan, st. 2,
to bow, bend, rest; pres. 3s. bugeð 174v11:2034; pret. 3p. bugon 137r9:327;
to bow down, face the ground, sink, collapse; 193r8:2919, 194r9:2975;
to flee, move; pret. 3s. beah 193v16:2957; pret. 3p. bugon 187v8:2599;
to turn to, go towards; pret. 3p. bugon 152r4:1012.
See also abugan, bebugan, wohbogen.
gebugan, st. 2,
to sink or fall; pret. 3s. gebeah 163v21:1542, 194r14:2981;
to bend or coil together; pret. 3s. 187r3:2568; pp. gebogen 187r4:2570;
to turn to, go to; pret. 3s. gebeah 145v14:689, gebeag *157r20-v1:1243.
bundenheord, adj.,
with bound-hair; also possibly 'cruelly bound'; wk. f. [b]undenheorde *198v1:3153.
bundenstefna, wk. m.,
a ship with a bound stem (prow or stern); probably referring to how the wood was joined; 171v16-17:1913.
bune, wk. f.,
a drinking vessel; np. bunan 195v5:3049, ap. 190r17:2776.
bur, m.,
private room, chamber, or dwelling place; ds. bure 159r3:1312, 184v5:2456; dp. burum 133r5:140. See also brydbur.
burh, f.,
fortified enclosure, fortification, stronghold; 140v3:466; as. 141v20:522; ds. byrig *156v5:1201; dp. burgum 130r8:53, *173r11:1971, 184r6:2434, 184v2:2453.
See also freoburh, freoðoburh, heaburh, hleoburh, hordburh, leodburg, mægburg.
burhloca, wk. m.,
fortified enclosure; ds. burhlocan 172r13:1931.
burhstede, m.,
fortified town, city foundation; as. 180r13:2266.
burhwela, wk. m.,
prosperity in the stronghold, wealth of the citadel; gs. burhwelan 196v6-7:3102.
burne, wk. f.,
stream, brook, river; gs. burnan 186v4:2547.
buton, butan, I. prep.,
except, but; 130v4:73, 146r7:704; II. conj.,
unless, if...not; except that, but that; 145r3:656, 149r6:878, 165r20:1616, butan 151r3:965,
although, 164r17:1562.
byldan, wk. 1,
to embolden, encourage, cheer (someone); 153v18:1093.
byme, wk. f.,
trumpet; as. byman 193v5:2944.
gebyrd, fn.,
fate; as. 153r20:1073.
byrduscrud, n.,
a crux, perhaps 'birth-garment' (from byrd, byrdu: birth, lineage); 189A(197)r4:2661 (usu. em. b[ea]duscrud: battle-garment).
byre, m.,
descendant, child, son; 175r13:2056, 184r17:2446, 188r10:2622, 192v20:2908, 196v14:3112; np. 156r13:1190;
youth, young man, ap. 174r19:2021.
byrele, m.,
cup bearer; np. byrelas 155v3:1160.
byrgan, wk. 1,
to taste, partake of; byrgean *140r4:447.
byrnan, st. 3,
to burn; pres. ptc. byrnende *180r19:2273, 187r4:2570; pret. 3s. beorn 171r6:1883, born 189A(197)r14:2674. See also forbyrnan.
gebyrnan, st. 3,
to burn, be consumed by fire; pret. 3s. gebarn 189A(197)v15:2698.
byrne, wk. f.,
coat of mail, corslet; 139r24:404, 157v4:1247, 165v13:1631, 189A(197)r4:2661, 189A(197)r15:2674; as. byrnan 152r12:1021, 158v5:1293, 177v8:2156, 186r5:2525, 188r4:2616, 188r9:2622, 191r4:2813, 192r9:2869; gs. 180r9:2261; ds. 189A(197)v21:2705; np. byrnan 137r10:327; dp. byrnum 129v15:40, 135r8:238, 186r10:2530,198r14:3142. See also guðbyrne, heaðobyrne, herebyrne, irenbyrne, isernbyrne.
byrnwiga, wk. m.,
armour-clad warrior; 193r7-8:2919.
bywan, wk. 1,
to rub, polish, adorn; 180r5:2258.